The Causes And Effects Of Climate Change - 1084 Words

As a result of climate change, natural disaster has increased extremely, especially droughts and floods around the world. In the past several years, it can be seen that various news concerned critical climate variability and extreme weather. For instance, the United States Department of Agriculture (2013) pointed out that the US agricultural land suffered from drought about 80 percent in 2012, while BBC (2015) reported that one of four districts in Myanmar, which were warned of flooding caused by depression. In 2015, India faced with a heat wave where approximately 2,300 people died (Inani, 2015). In accordance with these phenomena, people around the world need to take their responsibility into account the climate change and cope with the effects. The purpose of this essay is to elucidate the root causes and effects of climate change which dominate over humanity and environment as well as the possible solutions. So as to thorough understanding about climate change, the main causes need to be clarified. Generally, it came from two factors; natural factors and human activities. The former disturb the Earth in many ways. For example, firstly, as a result of the Earth s orbit, temperature in each season is different, but too small. These lead to the temperature rising rapidly from approximately 1.8 °C to 4.0 °C over during 21st century which produced global warming (Scott et al., 2011). Next, the transformative energy from the sun is causing global effects of climate change suchShow MoreRelatedCause And Effect Of Climate Change Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesCause and effects of Climate Change. General purpose: to inform. Specific purpose: After hearing my speech my audience will know what climate change is, what causes it and its effects now and in the future. Thesis Statement: Climate change is a very important issue that affects all of us. Organization pattern: Cause and effect. Introduction: I. (Attention-getter): How do you explain that 30 years ago we had a different weather than today? When you look at yourself in a dirty mirror; can you seeRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Climate Change1706 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the causes and effects of climate change. Present any solutions that are relevant to these issues. Probably the most anxious threat to our earth in these two decades is climate change. Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. In other saying, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur over several decades or longer (Epa.gov, 2015). The rateRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects934 Words   |  4 Pages Climate Change Paper Kaitlyn Yinger 4-17-15 Erin Reese Biology 122: 10:30-12:45 Climate Change What really causes climate change? Is it human cause or is a natural process that is happening? I think that us as humans contribute more to climate change then natural causes. Human Causes Humans affect climate change in different ways, three main ways that humans caused climate change is deforestation, greenhouse gases and Agriculture. Deforestation causes change to the landscapeRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Climate Change Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication 11, Section D23 Informative Speech 14 November 2016 Causes and effects of Climate Change. General purpose: to inform. Specific purpose: After hearing my speech, my audience will know more what climate change is, what causes it and its effects now and in the future. Thesis Statement: Climate change is a very important issue that affects all of us, we need to know more about this issue. Organization pattern: Cause and effect. Introduction: I. (Attention-getter): When you look at yourselfRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of Climate Change1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdebates about the pros and cons of climate change and what are the causes and effects of climate change. There are those who argue that the rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases in our environment are as a direct result of human activities. Some activities that are at the top of the list include but are not limited to the burning of fossil fuels, the cutting down of our forest, these activities are causing significant and increasingly severe climate changes which include global warming. GlobalRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects1113 Words   |  5 Pages Climate Change: Causes and Effects Student’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Climate Change: Causes and Effects According to Adger (2010), the combined effect of climate change and limitations of resources is serving as a threat to the sustainability of the current social-economic systems and is poised to affect our way of life. Climatic change is more than global warming. The rise in temperatures is but part of the broader changes leading to extreme temperatures, drought, floodingRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects1347 Words   |  6 Pagesdebated topic of climate change. Climate change is no myth; it’s a further analysis of how our planet is suffering the negative effects of human carelessness, which can be observed through the glaciers worldwide. Due to fossil fuel consumption and deforestation, greenhouse gasses are beyond regular amounts and affecting the glaciers, causing them to melt and increase ocean and sea levels. To further understand Climate Change, one must recognize what it is. When people ponder about climate, they thinkRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects1781 Words   |  8 PagesClimate change, either caused by humans, or naturally occurring, is beginning to affect several areas around the world and is causing human environmental insecurity in some already weakened states and regions. Climate change is defined simply as changes in the earth’s weather patterns. Change in climate becomes a security concern, for example, if decreased rainfall equates to decreased crop production in what was once a dependable food source that has now disappeared. The lack of this resourceRead MoreClimate Change : Causes And Effects Essay1856 Words   |  8 PagesClimate change: Climate change is caused mainly by increase of human activity and industrialisation. For example, activities such as driving cars, farming, burning coal and cutting down forests produce greenhouse gases – mainly carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide which are emitted into the atmosphere, which create a layer of greenhouse gases around the earth and trap the sun s heat. The earth over its 4.5 billion-year history has naturally fluctuated from ice ages to extreme droughts, howeverRead MoreClimate Change : Causes, Effects And Solutions1774 Words   |  8 Pageslately on the causes, effects and solutions of global climate change. Nearly every day, scientists and politicians speak about the subject, or we hear about it in the news media. On September 23, 2014, President Obama remarked at a U.N. Climate Change Summit that â€Å"-- there’s one issue that will define the contours of this century more dramatically than any other, and that is the urgent and growing threat of a changing climate† (The White House). The science of climate and climate change involves many

Beowulf2 Essay Example For Students

Beowulf2 Essay Beowulf was written in the eighth century by an unknown author. The story is centered on Beowulf, the main character, who is able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before himself. He encounters hideous monsters but never fears the threat of death. Beowulf is the ultimate hero who risks his life countless times for immortal glory and for the good of others. Another fictional hero who possessed these qualities is He-Man, a nineteen eighties cartoon super hero. Their backgrounds, their trusted friends, and their super human strength make them epic heroes of their time. The quality that makes them heroes is the deep respect and responsibility he had for his people. His grand father King Hrethel raised Beowulf. Beowulf matured according to the appropriate expectations of royalty. His maturity drove him to test his strengths and abilities to the limit. He had to prove to himself and others that he is of heroic success. Beowulf goes to Denmark to prove his heroism. Like Beowulf, He-Man came from a royal family. When He-Man was not of super natural strength, he was known as Prince Adam of Eternia. He too had royal respect and responsibilities for his kingdom. When Prince Adam turns into He-Man, he would have incredible strength that would help him defend his universe. Both heroes take on the responsibility of fighting for the good of the people. Heroes at times may need a little help. In Beowulfs case, he used an aid of a sword to help defeat Grendels mother. In the battle of the dragon, Wiglaf along with other thanes try to help Beowulf. However when the fight seems to turn against Beowulf, all of the thanes fled except for Wiglaf. In the poem, Wiglaf was more than just someone helping Beowulf, he wholeheartedly demonstrated his loyalty for his lord and was willing to sacrifice his life for him. For He-Man, he used his magical sword to help him throughout all of his battles. But his most trusted friend and pet was Battle Cat. Battle Cat was a huge muscular cat with a saddle upon him that He-Man can ride on. Battle Cat stood by He-Man in every battle. Their trusty swords and their faithful companions helped both heroes conquer their enemies. The most overwhelming proof that Beowulf and He-Man have in common in is their superhuman attributes. Beowulf battles Grendel, with no armor and no sword. With his sheer heroic strength, he is able to rip and tear Grendels arm off his socket. Then Beowulf swims down to fight Grendels mother. Being under water for so long is evidence that he is supernatural. An ordinary man can not hold his breath for more than a minute, let alone an entire day. He-Man has many superhuman qualities as well. In every episode, He-Man would use his strength, speed, and magical powers to sabotage the evil nemesis Skeletors plot to conquer Eternia. Both Beowulf and He-Man used superior and super natural strength against their enemies that contributed to their success. Whether the hero was from an eight century epic poem or a nineteen eighties cartoon series, both had similar traits of upbringings and stature. They set a noble example of relying on the necessity of brotherhood and friendship. Their bravery and strengths surpassed that of mortal men. Their unselfish loyalty makes them revered by all. Beowulf and He-Man are prime examples of epic heroes. Bibliography:

The sorcerers apprentice Essay Example For Students

The sorcerers apprentice Essay Academic freedom is once again in the news, as a scandal rages in Texasbut this time, believe it or not, it is a scandal over alchemy. It seems that a Texas AM University chemistry professor, who accepted a $200,000 grant to engage in research aimed at transforming base metals into gold, claims to have succeeded in producing small bits of the precious yellow stuff in his laboratory. No one else has been able to replicate his experiment, but 15 of his colleagues have demanded his resignation for accepting funds for non-standard purposes that have been discredited for three centuries. Remember the sorcerers apprentice? We will write a custom essay on The sorcerers apprentice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The scandal raises the unlooked-for question of whether alchemists deserve the same kind of protection in the name of academic freedom as do unpopular political views, racial slurs, homophobia, anti-Semitism and all the other hot-button issues rampant on todays campuses. The issue of academic freedom, along with the current congressional debate over violence on television, recalls Anthony Lewiss article in the September 1992 issue of American Theatre (based on a speech given at a TCG National Conference) in which he reminds us that free speech includes tolerance for the speech that we hate. While alchemy might not seem to present any immediate threats to either the theatre or the populace, it has been controversial for as long as would-be alchemists have lusted after the secret of alchemical transformation. As far as we know, no one has ever succeeded in producing the desired results. Theatre, on the other hand, is expected to achieve alchemy on a regular basis. Playwrights transform ideas into dramas. Actors transform characters and dialogue into flesh-and-blood people. Designers transform words into visions. In todays climate, even theatre managers and boards are asked to create something out of almost nothingand they sometimes succeed. Occasionally, theatre is also viewed with as much fear and suspicion as sorcery. Recent events like the debacle in Cobb County, Ga., which resulted in the elimination of public funds for the arts because of objections to a production of Terrence McNallys Lips Together, Teeth Apart, remind us all too vividly that transformation of ideas into live drama can be dangerous. People who are afraid to make the journey with the actors and the playwright view art as a threat. They fear that the world of the play will become their worldor that their world will become the world of the play. The very expression of new ideas strikes fear in their hearts. It is true that theatre, at its best, is capable of inspiring change of opening new frontiers of thought of introducing audiences to new worlds. S. Anskys The Dybbuk, currently running at the Pittsburgh Public Theater (see story on page 10), is just the kind of play that reflects such fearand inspires it; its a play about the alchemical melding of two souls in which the spirit of one possesses the body of the other. Such plays remind us that theatre can be more than a replication of what exists; theatre possesses the capability of alchemical transformationof telling a nonliteral but truer truth. In a mid-January broadcast of ABCs Nightline from Eastern Europe, President Clinton appeared with Czech President Vaclav Havel in a basement theatre in Prague. Ted Koppels first question to Havel was significant: How do you view recent world events as a dramatist? Transformation: from the objectivity of the journalist to the spiritual/aesthetic interpretation of the artist. Seeking a truer truth. In this strange and difficult post-Cold War time, with its lingering world recession, global revival of religious zeal and expansion of conservatism, theatres might be inclined to retreat to safe, popular and nonconfrontational work. But another school of thought argues that a little sorcery is a better antidote for what ails us. There is a compelling case to be made for adventurousness and daring as the way to inspire audiences and attract support for the theatre. And while there are never guarantees that a theatre work will be transformed into aesthetic gold, alchemy does happen. .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc , .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc .postImageUrl , .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc , .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc:hover , .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc:visited , .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc:active { border:0!important; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc:active , .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u50fd3b636ed9674ce76d518433a95fdc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An unlikely haven for new plays EssayTo continue with the metaphor, theatre managers are also forced to engage in alchemy these days. Short of accepting grants to create gold bricks in the basement, or capturing the proverbial goose that lays the golden egg, they must transform scarce resources into the capability of producing art. We live in a time of unparalleled social change which makes many demands on individuals and institutions alike. The fact that we are now a truly multicultural society is one of the obvious challenges the theatre faces. Achieving cultural diversity among audiences, on stage and in the back offices may seem to call for a little alchemy, but we know its possible. Consider how President Clinton has begun to transform the federal judiciary in just his first year in office: Out of 48 appointments at press time, he has named 18 women (including Ruth Bader Ginsberg to the Supreme Court) and 14 people of color62 percent of his first-year appointments to the federal benchwhile maintaining a high quality rating from the American Bar Association. (By comparison, Jimmy Carter appointed 18 percent women and minorities, Ronald Reagan 8 percent and George Bush 26 percent.) The impact of this degree of change may not be immediately apparent, but make no mistake, a major transformation is taking place . Artists, and particularly artists of color, may feel that the incipient efforts to transform the American theatre into a reflection of our changing society are not moving fast enough. But even if alchemy hasnt yet been achieved, at least theres progress. The ultimate transformation will take more commitment than sorcery, but it may lead to a kind of artistic alchemy that will ignite imaginations and unleash artistic resources in ways we have never known before.

The changing American Family Essay Example

The changing American Family Essay Example The changing American Family Paper The changing American Family Paper The Changing American Family: A Sociological View The families in America are steadily changing. While they remain our most valued and consistent source of strength and comfort, some families are becoming increasingly unstructured. In the past, the typical family consists of a working father, a stay at home mother and, of course, well-rounded children. Today, less than 20 percent of American families fit nicely into this cookie cutter image. American households have never been more diverse. Natalie Angier takes stock of the changing definition of family in an article for the New York Times. A family is seen as a group of people who are biologically or psychologically related. They connect on historical, emotional or economic bonds, and perceive themselves as part of a household. Whilst there are several different types of family by definition, Natalie focuses on the uprising of the atypical form. Natalie portrays five extremely different types of families in order to demonstrate the ongoing changes to average American family. She then continues to express the key role each family type plays and it affects the daily dynamic of each one. Ranging from a dual career family, to a same sex marriage family with children, all the way to fictive kin, Natalie explains the family dynamic and how it comes to be. The dual career family, in which both parents are working in the labor force, is now the typical family type. When both parents belong to the working labor force, one thinks that the responsibility of upbringing the children becomes more evenly distributed. However Natalie states that, American men spend 35 to 55 minutes longer on the Job each day than women do, while working mothers devote ight more hours a week to child care and housekeeping compared with working fathers. Even though women have evolved from the stay at home mom, the cultural norm of the maternal instinct still seems to overbear that of the working mom. On another note, because both parents spend a majority of their day at work and adolescent kids at school, a divide between the family members is created. Natalie states, researchers determined that ev en when all of the family members were at home and awake together, they were in the same room only 14 percent of the time. She continues to say this is due to, American families are outliers in their fixation on childrens needs and childrens success. When both parents are concerned with work they become withdrawn from what is going on in their childrens lives. All family members become independent from one another. Therefore the dual career family consists of both parents working, which creates an independent dynamic for tne cn110ren. Movlng to a OITTerent type 0T Tamlly, Natalle Introduces wnat Is Known as same sex families. In particular, she focuses on a male same sex marriage. If the enders are taken out of the equation, then this family fits perfectly into the nuclear family type, which is a married couple with children. On top of that they are cookie cutter typical because one parent stays with the children while the other goes to work. The only difference is that the children have two dads. In society today gay marriage is not widely accepted, nor is the idea of a same sex family. This is due to the lag in cultural change. The same sex marriage community is a minority that challenges social norms. Because the change is so different, not all Americans have ime to adjust to the idea and integrate. Creating challenges for the same sex community, like the accusation that children have problems adapting to their lifestyle, is a common stereotypical behavior. It has been said that kids of same sex families have a higher risk of drug and alcohol problems, troubles with grades, and behavior problems. Natalie interpolates that the accusations are false. The Age of Independence: Interracial Unions, Same-sex Unions, and the Changing American Family, the children of same-sex parents are academically and emotionally ndistinguishable from those of heterosexual parents. This support can make the biggest change for American families. Support can create a future where same sex families are able to start a life without discrimination and prejudice every step of the way. Therefore the family dynamic of a same sex couple is often the same as a nuclear familys dynamic. Additionally, the family of choice consists of people one feels as obligated to as if one was of blood relation. These self-cons tructed families are no less real or less meaningful than conventional families. In fact, they are known s ones fictive kin. The bond of this type of family can be formed through several ways. Natalie writes, for some people, voluntary kinship filled a void left by death or estrangement from biological family, while for others the relationships were supplemental or temporary. It can be a friendship that turns into a family or a group that one relates to as a family. Either way, the fictive kin family is a blossoming family type. Increasingly, people refer to this as their second family. Some choose it to be their first family when they feel their biological one has let them down. Therefore, a family dynamic of close bonds built through friendship leads to strong interconnection, and this is referred to as fictive kin. In conclusion the image of the American family takes many different forms. The progression of types of family starts with the nuclear family, and has slowly adapted to the changing culture, creating several different types. Varying from a dual career family, to a same sex marriage family, all the way to fictive kin the family dynamic of each type correlate with the individual family itself.

Criminal justice and the crime problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal justice and the crime problem - Essay Example Under the first grouping, individuals may commit crimes under direct influence of drugs. This could be violent or non-violent means of gaining goods or money. Often compulsive drug users commit crimes to buy more drugs for use, for themselves and groups. Further, drugs could be used to strengthen group relationships and to establish better member rapport. Dealing with drugs and drug taking through strong preventive and punitive measures could exacerbate the situation and lead to more complexities. Therefore, it is necessary that cases of individual committing crimes after taken drugs be established. It has been established beyond doubt that crime and drugs are interrelated since research has provide that â€Å"Criminals test positive for drug use (NEW-ADAM, Probation monitoring)† (Drugs and Crime: Criminal Justice and the criminal problem: Drugs cause crime: further evidence). However, it would be farfetched to suggest that drugs induce crimes. This because it is quite possible to carry out crimes without the use of drugs , or to use drugs without indulging in criminal activities, although using illicit drugs may be considered a type of crime. These types of crimes are carried out under influence of some psychoactive products, which could be induced through use of strong stimulants. These drug groups render the consumer aggressive and displaying high level of antisocial behaviour patterns that could culminate in to crimes, depending upon situational factors. It is also possible that the perpetrator may be in a state of mental disorientation and not having adequate control over mental faculties, or though processes while indulging in this type of drug induced crimes. Another aspect could be in terms of the fact that these drug groups could enhance performance under its influence. The economic factor underpins such drug induced crimes. Invariably, the person commits crimes to obtain funds to take care of his drug habits. His sponsors may pay him either

United States Power Versus The Roman Empire Research Paper

United States Power Versus The Roman Empire - Research Paper Example This is in regards to political influence and an outstanding system of government that made the empire to conquer and colonize the world. Although the United States is incomparable in geographical size to the ancient Roman Empire, its influence on global affair correspond to the area or region that was under the Roman Empire. This essay investigates the similarities and differences between the ancient Roman Empire and the United States. The essay achieves its objective by comparing and contrasting political, economic, and military power of the two governments. The Roman Empire valued its military, and this made the empire to have the strongest military in the world. Similarly, the US has the strongest military in the world. The US also has the largest budget allocation for its military similar to the budgetary allocation of the ancient Roman Empire. In the Roman Empire soldiers were the most respected class or citizens, they were given the best training, the finest equipment, and decent allowances (Benjamin 145). Although United States, have other professions that are beyond the military, US soldiers remain a respected class. In addition, the US military has the best training in the world that uses the latest technology and equipment. The Roman Empire had its military in almost every part of the world that was reachable during their time. Roman military invaded other kingdoms with the objective of conquering and expanding the Roman Empire. Although the US has never colonized any sovereign states, its military is in operation in almost every country in the world. The US military has bases in every continent and they are in operation in various countries around the globe. Currently, the US military has on going operations in almost every continent. The two governments use their political influence to maintain their authority around the globe. The US uses sophisticated political system that shares some characteristic with the Roman Empire political system. Conquering and colonizing other kingdoms was the main political strategy applied by the Roman Empire. The Romans conquered other kingdoms and forced them to pay royalties as a strategy of maintaining their influence. Although the US applies its military strength to maintain its influence around the globe, it carries its activities under the disguise of maintaining or establishing democracy. The US is also a major stakeholder in global organizations such as the UN and NATO (Felice 56). Through these organizations, the US is able to influence other governments around the world through the objectives and operations of these organizations. The US also uses its economic aid such as food aid and financing of development projects as a stra tegy of exercising it control over other countries. Attached to the aid given to different country are the economic sanctions that the US applies through major world institutions and organization such as the UN, World Bank and the IMF. Several countries depend on the United States for food aid. Such countries range from poor sub-Saharan states to wealth countries such as the North Korea. The military power and political influence of the two governments has its roots in their economic capabilities. Currently the US has the strongest economy in the world. Although there are speculations that the Chinese economy is overtaking the US economy, the economies of the two countries are still a great distance apart. The US dollar is acceptable in almost every country as a medium of exchange (Felice 221). Similarly, the Roman currency was acceptable in all regions that the empire had its influence. The

Abortion: An Ethical Issue

Abortion: An Ethical Issue Abortion means terminating pregnancy. Abortion is widespread now days all over the world. Abortion is the most controversial subject when it comes to ethical issue. Ethical issues in abortion involve a constant battle between freedom and life. As per the article given in website www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion, there are two groups of people: Pro-choice and Pro-life. Pro-choice people are for freedom. They consider it unethical to take away a womans right to decide over their own body. While pro-life people are for life. They consider it unethical to kill a growing life. Lets discuss in detail of both views. Prochoice people regard right to control ones own body as a key moral right. If women are not allowed to abort unwanted feotus they are deprived of this right.The foetus exists inside a womans body. A woman has the right to decide whether the foetus remains in her body, therefore a pregnant woman has the right to abort the foetus Pro-life advocates say that the right to life should always outweigh the right of an individual to equality or to control their own body. They raise arguments that abortion does not liberate women, but allows society not to cater to womens needs. They say that what women need for equality is not free access to abortion but to be given what they need to survive financially and socially as mothers. Further they hold that foetus is not a part of womans body like liver, kidney, lungs. It is a saperate Person inside the womb.Abortion means killing a human being or murder. Here they raise question that why woman or couple did not take precaution instead ? Why an innocent life is killed for someone elses mistake ? This also justifies the anti-abortion argument. Apart from Pro-life advocates there are other view against abortion like it is against feminist principle of justice, non-violence and non-discrimination. Another group objects abortion as they see it as a men plot. They argue that men see the risk of pregnancy as something that stops men having sex when they want it. If men are to achieve full sexual freedom it is essential that abortion be freely available to backup contraception. Summary: The issue of abortion is the most controversial issue. The advocates of Pro-life and Pro-choice have their own justifications. Pro-choice advocates hold that it is their right to have control over their own body. Pro-life advocates hold that from the very conception life start in the womb of a woman. It is actually a Person inside the womb. So, the question remains, Pro-life or pro-choice ? Critical analysis and evaluation of argument The fight between pro-life and pro-choice is an everlasting battle and the ethical dilemma. Lets analyze the arguments in context of two major philosophical theories: Teleological Theory and Deontological Theory, taken from the source: website: www.socyberty.com/Issues/Abortion-An-Ethical-Analyses First take a look at abortion from a Teleological point of view, it depends solely on consequences. Teleological theory is basically a Utilitarianism formulated by Jeremy and John Stuart Mill. This approach to morality and ethics hold that there is no universal basis for determining what is right. Main idea behind it is the principle of Utility. The principle focuses on the consequence of action, intentions are irrelevant, therefore breaking promise, lying, causing pain or killing someone may under certain circumstances be the right action and in other circumstances, wrong action. Applying this theory into the topic of abortion, question arises: Do I really need a child ? Am I ready for a baby ? Do I really want to give up all of my time to raise a baby ? or What if I am unhappy with a child. This theory seems to focus on a very selfish viewpoint of the situation. Utalitarian theory does not mean that a woman is selfish on her decision of abortion. Lets say a woman decides to have an abortion because she is not propared to have a child, she has no support: financial or emotional and she is still in school. The woman decides that it would be in her best interest to have abortion at this point. This woman can remain in school and not have to worry about bringing unplanned child, but just because this decision worked out well for her, was it the right decision ? Although this might seemed like a good decision, it still brings concerns and ethical dilemmas to our attention. Could she not have had child , found employment and stayed in school (as most people do)? Could she not have ultimately ended up being the happiest she has ever been because of this child coming into her life ? It might seem easy to determine ones own self interest, but do we sometimes take advantage of the choices we are given ? This question brings the case in the light of Deontological Theory. This theory is based on something other then the consequences of a persons actions. This theory has two approaches: Divine command Thoery and System of duties. Thomas Aquinas (1274-1275) was the proponent of Divine command theory. According to him the world is created by God. Whatever happens, happens with the will of God. Life is given and taken by him only. Human being doesnt have any right to take anyones life. A woman who followed the Divine Command theory might have done things differently in the same situation. She might not have based her decision on self interest, nor on consequences, but rather on something higher like God. God has given her this child to birth and care for. This also face criticism like how can we base a life altering decision on the belief that there is a higher power, God ? Immaneul Kant (1725-1805) is the leading proponent of Deontological Approach in decision making.. He formulated a System of Duties: Perfect duties and Imperfect duties. Perfect duties are to be followed in all circusmstances. In Perfect duties he mentions Not to kill an innocent person. Taking the pregnant womans case in this context, There is a Person inside her womb. From the time of conception in the womb, the child is, not just another part of the mothers tissue, but a saparate person. Abortion means killing of that Person. This faces critism that at the time of conceiving there is a just formation of cell having few tissues. Cells are created and destroyed continuously in our body. Both of these situations determine very different viewpoints, but how do we know which theory can be considered ethically moral ? There are many possible reasons a woman might choose to have an abortion, for example: to avoid interruption of life goals, the pregnancy is a result of rape, or to prevent birth of abnormal or diseased child, just to name a few. It is also obvious why some may consider abortion to be morally problematic, whether the reasons are based on religion, and the values of life. The truth is that each one of us is forced to decide how we feel about abortion, as we are with any ethical issue. So, the question remains, Pro-life or Pro-choice ? Personal Position: I personally feel that a woman should have the right to choose when it comes to abortion, but I will contradict myself under certain circumstances. In certain scenarios, the choice of abortion can be justified , but what about those who are just pure careless ? What about those who act carelessly because they know in the back of their minds that they have another alternative if something go unplanned ? For example: there are many teens that become pregnant because of carelessness in practicing safe sex. If these young girls knew that if they became pregnant, they had no option but to keep the child, would they be more careful ? Or would the number of teens who become pregnant remain the same ? I believe it would decrease.. Utilitarian approach of Teleological theory allows us to consider the Utility of child, it allows us to have second chance (abortion) should we make mistake or put health of ourselves at risk and kill unborn child. Divine Command theory does the exact opposite, it opens our eyes to new life, it leads us to believe that morality is based on God and the child was given to us by God. It also allows us to believe if our child had a deformity or disease, that it was meant to be and it is what makes our child special. It perceive us to believe that abortion would be wrong because the child was sent to us for a reason. So can abortion be ethical ? In my opinion, yes it can. It can be ethical when the choice is not being taken for granted. In conclusion, my research lead me to believe that while we have different theorys to agree or disagree with, abortion is a choice. I feel that when it comes to a decision of this kind, the ethicality of the situation is left only to that individual. As long as the women is presented with all options and alternatives, and she has the right to choose what she feels is best, regardless of our own personal feelings or religious beliefs towards abortion.